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THE GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
The Cabinet of Ministries is the executive branch of power in the Republic of Uzbekistan. President forms the Cabinet of Ministries. Upon proposal by President, the candidacy of Prime Minister is considered and approved by both chambers of Oliy Majlis. The head of government of the Republic of Karakalpakstan is a member of the Cabinet of Ministries. Cabinet of Ministries provides for effective work of economy, social and spiritual spheres, execution of laws, and other resolutions by Oliy Majlis, decrees, resolutions and orders issues by the President of Uzbekistan. In accordance with current legislature, Cabinet of Ministries also issues resolutions and orders, binding for execution on the entire territory of the country by all bodies, enterprises, institutions, organizations, authorities, and citizens. Cabinet of Ministries lays its authorities before newly elected Oliy Majlis. Law defines the activity and competence of the Cabinet of Ministries.
LOCAL STATE POWER
In Uzbekistan, Councils of people's deputies led by mayors are considered to be representative bodies of power in provinces, districts, and towns (except towns with their district-based administration, as well as districts within towns).
In accordance with the law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On the local state power" of September 2, 1993, mayors of provinces, districts, towns are high-ranking officials who simultaneously lead both legislative and executive branches of power in the given area. The mayors of provinces and city of Tashkent report to President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and local Council of people's deputies. The mayors of districts and towns report to an upper-level mayor and local Council of people's deputies. Mayors of provinces and city of Tashkent are appointed and dismissed by the President of Uzbekistan, and confirmed by Council of people's deputies of any given province, and city of Tashkent. Mayors of districts and towns are appointed and dismissed by mayors of provinces, and confirmed by local Council of people's deputies.
The work of the local state power bodies is regulated by the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On local state power", as well as other legislative acts of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The work of Councils of people's deputies of districts, towns and mayors in the Republic of Karakalpakstan is regulated by Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On local state power", and other legislative acts of the Republic of Karakalpakstan.
In line with aforementioned laws, the local Councils of people's deputies and a mayor consider issues common for provinces, districts and towns. That is to say, those pertaining to social-economic development, execution of laws in places, other resolutions by Oliy Majlis, acts adopted by President and Cabinet of Ministries, as well as resolutions of upper-level Councils of people's deputies and mayors. They also coordinate relations between the state administration of the Republic of Uzbekistan and self-governing institutions of citizens, and public participation in local governing.
The local governments - within their authorities secured by law -lead local state, economic, social and cultural affairs. They approve plans for economic and social development, local budget, lead enterprises, organizations, and institutions within their competence, ensure the rule of law, state and public order, protection of citizens' rights, contribute to strengthening of country's defense capability.
Also, Councils of people's deputies are in charge of local affairs. They ensure that resolutions of upper-level bodies are properly executed. Besides, they lead lower-level Councils.
Councils of people's deputies, mayors of provinces, districts, and towns are authorized - within their competence - to conclude agreements with state administration of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, other provinces, districts, towns of the Republic of Uzbekistan on issues of mutual interest, launch joint ventures, firms, and other.
The Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan revokes resolutions by Councils of people's deputies of provinces, districts, and towns, found contrary to the Constitution and laws of Uzbekistan , decrees, resolutions, and orders of the President of Uzbekistan. The President and Cabinet of Ministries of the Republic of Uzbekistan withhold and revoke legislative acts by mayors, found contrary to Constitution and laws, decrees, resolutions and orders by the President of Uzbekistan, governmental acts, as well as state interests of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
Local Councils of people's deputies, as the most widespread institutions, consist of elected public representatives. According to the Law of Uzbekistan "On elections to the Councils of people's deputies of provinces, districts, and towns" of May 5,1994, the Council of people's deputies of the province and city of Tashkent take no more than 60 seats, of the town and district - no more than 30 seats in respective state power institutions.
The term of office of the Councils of people's deputies and mayors is five years.
The Councils of people's deputies, mayors of provinces, districts, and towns assist to extend the self-government in the given territories, chair the work of the self-government bodies.
In accordance with the Constitution and Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On citizens' self-government institutions" of September 2, 1993, the self-government bodies in settlements, villages and makhallas in towns, settlements, villages are the gatherings of the people, whoelect a chairman and its counselors for a two-year term.
The self-government institutions assist citizens to practice their right to participate in public and state administration, unite them with a purpose of tackling social and economic issues in their places of residency, and holding of cultural public events. Also, they assist bodies of state administration in execution of laws, decrees by President, resolutions by the Government of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Councils of the people's deputies and mayors.respectively.
The self-government institutions are established based on the territorial principle. Mayors of districts and towns - upon proposal by citizens and further approval by local Councils of people's deputies -locate districts of their operation. Citizens of 18 years of age and above with their constant residency in the given area may join the district gatherings of the people.
The system of elections, operations, and level of authorities of the self-government institutions are secured by the Constitution and Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On citizens' self-government institutions", and other legislative acts. The same holds true in the Republic of Karakalpakstan with additional legislative acts of the republic securing the general work by the self-government institutions.
The chairman of a gathering, upon approval by local Council of people's deputies, or mayor, if necessary, convenes gatherings of the people. The gatherings may also be convened by the Council of people's deputies, mayor, or upon initiative by no less than one third of citizens of 18 years of age and above with their constant residency in the given territory.
Local Council of people's deputies, or a district and town mayor defines norms of representation in the gatherings of citizens. A meeting is usually hold if it is impossible to convene the gathering. Gatherings are authorized given there are more than half of the area residents present, and meetings - no less than two thirds of delegates. Decisions on all issues are taken through open voting and simple majority of votes.
Residents of the area may file a complaint with courts of law on decisions by self-government institutions and its chairman.
PARLIAMENT
The Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the highest state representative body with a legislative power. It consists of two chambers - the Legislative Chamber (Lower House) and the Senate (Upper House). The term of powers of both chambers is five years. The Legislative Chamber consists of 120 deputies, elected from various electoral districts based on multiparty system. The Senate is a territorial representative chamber, which consists of 100 Senators. Six deputies each from the Republic of Karakalpakstan, provinces and city of Tashkent are elected via secret ballot as the Senate members at the joint sessions of local councils Jukorgy Kenges of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, provinces, districts, and towns, totally making up 84 members of Upper House. The rest of the 16 members are appointed by Uzbek President among those who are said to have gained much experience and served exceptionally well in spheres such as science, arts, literature, economy, and other spheres of state and public affairs, as well as other widely respected and honored people of the country.
Joint powers of the Legislative Chamber and Senate of Oliy Majlis include:
to adopt the Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan;
to introduce amendments and addenda into Constitution; to pass and introduce amendments and addenda to Constitutional and other laws;
to pass resolution on holding a referendum and setting its date;
set main directions of both domestic and foreign policies and pass the state strategic programs;
to define the structure and powers of legislative, executive, and judicial branches of power;
to approve resolutions on adding new state structures into the Republic of Uzbekistan and cancel them;
to pass the State budget and monitor its execution;
to institute state awards and ranks;
to form the Central Election Committee;
to review and approve the candidacy of the Prime Minister proposed by President; to ratify and denounce international treaties.
As a rule, issues within the framework of the joint powers of chambers, are considered first in the Legislative Chamber, and then - in the Senate.
Those who may initiate laws in the Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis are: President, in the Republic of Karakalpakstan - on behalf of its highest body of state power, the deputies of Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis, the Cabinet of Ministries of Uzbekistan, the Constitutional, Supreme, and Supreme Economic Courts, as well as Prosecutor General of Uzbekistan.
Law takes effect once it is passed by Legislative Chamber and approved by Senate, signed by President, and further officially published on the press.
Out of its deputies, the Legislative Chamber of Oliy Majlis elects the Speaker and his/her deputies. And Senators elect the Chairman and deputies of the Senate. The former is elected upon the proposal of his/ her candidacy by President. The representative of Karakalpakstan serves as one of the deputies of the Chairman of Senate.
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